This module explores the physical processes of variable-density groundwater flow in coastal aquifers, submarine groundwater discharge, and mechanisms of seawater circulation. Processes considered will span spatial and temporal scales associated with waves, tides, seasons, and glacial cycles. Advancement of understanding through theory, numerical modeling, laboratory experimentation, and field measurements will be discussed. Implications and strategies for management of seawater intrusion and excess nutrient loading to nearshore aquatic ecosystems will be addressed. Parallels to groundwater-surface water exchange in rivers and lakes as well as inland variable-density problems such as brine migration will also be considered.

Prerequisites: Course in introductory hydrogeology or groundwater hydrology.